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1.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 21(3): 220-225, sep.-dic. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1428382

RESUMO

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha evidenciado la importancia de la metodología epidemiológica, por lo que es significativo fortalecer su aprendizaje en todos los niveles formativos del área de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo. Aplicar metodología epidemiológica de carácter descriptivo y analítico para el estudio de una base de datos de casos COVID-19 en la República Mexicana. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de bases de datos en sitios web oficiales sobre los casos de COVID-19, y se recuperó un archivo en formato Excel con la información de 65,536 casos al día 10 de abril del 2021 a las 01:14hrs. Posteriormente, se realizó análisis estadístico de las diferentes variables mediante el programa SPSS, versión 21 en español, consistente en cálculo de prevalencias, razón de productos cruzados (RPC) y medidas de asociación, en lo cual participaron alumnos del cuarto semestre de enfermería. Resultados. La prevalencia para el género masculino fue de 53 %, y para el femenino de 47 %, con una media aritmética de edad de 35 años. La Chi cuadrada entre género y resultado de laboratorio positivo fue de 6527.9, con un 99 % de probabilidad de que haya asociación entre las variables. Asimismo, para la relación hipertensión y resultado de laboratorio positivo la Chi cuadrada fue de 51.97. La RPC para diabetes y resultado de laboratorio positivo fue de 1.4. Conclusiones. La aplicación de indicadores epidemiológicos básicos representa una herramienta importante para el fenómeno epidemiológico COVID-19, pues establece una caracterización de la epidemia en nuestro país.


Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has evidenced the importance of epidemiological methodology, so it is significant to strengthen its learning at all educational levels in the area of health sciences. Objetive. Apply descriptive and analytical epidemiological methodology for the study of a database of COVID-19 cases in the Mexican Republic. Material and methods: A search of databases on official websites on COVID-19 cases was carried out, and an Excel format file was recovered with the information of 65,536 cases as of April 10, 2021 at 01:14 a.m. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of the different variables was carried out using the SPSS program, version 21 in Spanish, consisting of calculation of prevalence, ratio of cross products (RPC) and measures of association, in which fourth semester nursing students participated. Results: The prevalence for the male gender was 53%, and for the female 47%, with an arithmetic mean age of 35 years. The Chi square between gender and positive laboratory result was 6527.9, with a 99% probability of an association between the variables. Likewise, for the relationship between hypertension and a positive laboratory result, the Chi square was 51.97. The RPC for diabetes and positive laboratory result was 1.4. Conclusions: The application of basic epidemiological indicators represents an important tool for the epidemiological phenomenon COVID-19, since it establishes a characterization of the epidemic in our country.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Base de Dados , COVID-19
3.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(9): 568-578, nov.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169036

RESUMO

Introducción: El retraso global del desarrollo (RGD) y la discapacidad intelectual (DI) son un motivo de consulta frecuente en la consulta de Neuropediatría. Actualmente, la hibridación genómica comparada constituye una de las principales técnicas aplicadas al diagnóstico de esta patología. Resulta útil determinar qué características fenotípicas se asocian a obtener un resultado etiológico en el test genético. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio ciego pormenorizado de las características clínicas, antropométricas y morfológicas de 80 individuos afectos de DI no explicada y se analizó cuales estaban asociadas a obtener un resultado etiológico en el array-CGH. Resultados: El resultado del array fue patológico en un 27,5% de los casos. Los factores que se asociaron estadísticamente a tener una prueba de array-CGH patológica fueron los antecedentes familiares de DI/RGD (OR: 12,1), la presencia de malformaciones congénitas (OR: 5,33), más de 3 rasgos dismórficos faciales (OR: 20,9) y la hipotonía periférica (OR: 3,25). Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos coinciden con otras series publicadas. Por lo tanto, asumimos que la probabilidad de encontrar variación en el número de copias de significado patológico mediante array-CGH aumenta si alguna de las características anteriores está presentes en individuos afectos de DI/RGD (AU)


Introduction: Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent reasons for consultation in paediatric neurology departments. Nowadays, array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing these disorders. Our purpose was to determine the phenotypic features associated with pathological results in this genetic test. Methods: We conducted a blind study of the epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric, and morphological features of 80 patients with unexplained ID to determine which features were associated with pathological results in array-CGH. Results: Pathological results were found in 27.5% of the patients. Factors associated with pathological results in array-CGH were a family history of GDD/ID (OR = 12.1), congenital malformations (OR = 5.33), having more than 3 facial dysmorphic features (OR = 20.9), and hypotonia (OR = 3.25). Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with those reported by other published series. We therefore conclude that the probability of having pathological results in array-CGH increases with the presence of any of the features mentioned above in patients with ID/GDD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/genética , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa/métodos , Fenótipo , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Facies
4.
Neurologia ; 32(9): 568-578, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27157524

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent reasons for consultation in paediatric neurology departments. Nowadays, array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing these disorders. Our purpose was to determine the phenotypic features associated with pathological results in this genetic test. METHODS: We conducted a blind study of the epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric, and morphological features of 80 patients with unexplained ID to determine which features were associated with pathological results in array-CGH. RESULTS: Pathological results were found in 27.5% of the patients. Factors associated with pathological results in array-CGH were a family history of GDD/ID (OR = 12.1), congenital malformations (OR = 5.33), having more than 3 facial dysmorphic features (OR = 20.9), and hypotonia (OR = 3.25). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with those reported by other published series. We therefore conclude that the probability of having pathological results in array-CGH increases with the presence of any of the features mentioned above in patients with ID/GDD.


Assuntos
Hibridização Genômica Comparativa/métodos , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Fenótipo , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
5.
J Food Sci Technol ; 51(9): 1795-805, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25190834

RESUMO

Proximate, thermal, morphological and rheological properties of canned "negro Querétaro" bean pastes, as a function of fat content (0, 2 and 3 %) and temperature (60, 70 and 85 °C), were evaluated. Raw and precooked bean pastes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Well-defined starch granules in the raw bean pastes were observed, whereas a gelatinized starch paste was observed for the canned bean pastes. The DSC analysis showed that the raw bean pastes had lower onset peak temperatures (79 °C, 79.1 °C) and gelatinization enthalpy (1.940 J/g), compared to that precooked bean pastes (70.4 °C, 75.7 °C and 1.314 J/g, respectively) thermal characteristics. Moreover, the dynamic rheological results showed a gel-like behavior for the canned bean pastes, where the storage modulus (G') was frequency independent and was higher than the loss modulus (G″). The non-linear rheological results exhibited a shear-thinning flow behavior, where the steady shear-viscosity was temperature and fat content dependent. For canned bean pastes, the shear-viscosity data followed a power law equation, where the power law index (n) decreased when the temperature and the fat content increased. The temperature effect on the shear-viscosity was described by an Arrhenius equation, where the activation energy (Ea) was in the range from 19.04 to 36.81 KJ/mol. This rheological behavior was caused by gelatinization of the starch during the cooking and sterilization processes, where starch-lipids and starch-proteins complex were formed.

6.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(8): 440-447, oct. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115548

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la experiencia y el tratamiento anestésico perioperatorio en la implantación transcatéter de la válvula aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve® en un hospital universitario terciario. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional analítico con revisión de datos incorporados a una base mantenida de forma prospectiva de 142 pacientes diagnosticados de estenosis aórtica severa, a los que se implantó una válvula aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve® entre diciembre de 2007 y diciembre de 2012. Resultados. La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 82,5 ± 6,1 años y el EuroSCORE logístico de 14,9 ± 11,2. En 107 pacientes (75,3%) se utilizó anestesia general, y en 35 (24,6%), anestesia local con sedación. La anestesia local con sedación se asoció con un menor requerimiento de fármacos vasoactivos (p = 0,003) durante el implante. No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas técnicas anestésicas en el tiempo de duración del procedimiento, en la estancia hospitalaria ni en la morbimortalidad. La tasa de éxito fue del 97,1%. La complicación más frecuente fueron los trastornos de la conducción, que precisaron la implantación de marcapasos definitivo en 46 pacientes (32,3%). No hubo ningún exitus intraoperatorio, la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días fue del 6,3% y la supervivencia al año estimada por el método de Kaplan-Meier fue de 83,1%. Conclusiones. Este estudio confirma que en pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa y alto riesgo quirúrgico la sustitución valvular aórtica transcatéter es una alternativa efectiva y segura. Tanto la anestesia general como la local con sedación son opciones válidas, dependiendo de la experiencia del equipo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Anuloplastia da Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Anestesia Geral/instrumentação , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Anestesia Geral , Anestesia Local/instrumentação , Anestesia Local/métodos , Anestesia Local , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Cateteres Cardíacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Marca-Passo Artificial , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier
7.
Farm Hosp ; 37(4): 286-94, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24010689

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the two alternatives mainly used in our area, etanercept (ETN) and adalimumab (ADA), for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients under real clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study, where the time horizon was 12 months referred to the year 2012. We analyzed the characteristics of patients, and the effectiveness and efficiency of ETN and ADA in our study population. INCLUSION CRITERIA: patients over 18 years, diagnosed with RA treated at the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Health Sector of Teruel. We determined the mean decrease in DAS28 value (DAS28r) of each drug and we defined as a unit of effectiveness in pharmacoeconomic study, a DAS28 value at baseline (DAS28a) less than 3.2 points and DAS28r greater than 1.2 points. As parameter to determine the cost-effectiveness of both alternatives we used net health benefits (NHB). RESULTS: The average value of DAS28a was 2,25 and 2,72 points for ETN and ADA respectively, with a value of DAS28r 1,01 points higher for ETN, although not statistically significant (p> 0.05). NHB obtained a value of -0.121, 95% CI (-0.951 to 0.709). CONCLUSIONS: Both alternatives are effective in the treatment of RA, although it seems to be a trend in favor of ETN in cost-effectiveness degree.


Objetivo: Valorar el grado de efectividad y eficiencia de las dos alternativas principalmente utilizadas en nuestro ámbito, etanercept (ETN) y adalimumab (ADA), para el tratamiento de pacientes diagnosticados de artritis reumatoide (AR) en condiciones reales de la práctica clínica diaria. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, cuyo horizonte temporal fue de 12 meses referidos al año 2012, en el que se analizaron las características de los pacientes, así como la efectividad y eficiencia de ETN y ADA en la población de estudio. Se estudiaron todos los pacientes de ambos sexos mayores de 18 años, diagnosticados de AR, atendidos en las consultas externas del Servicio de Reumatología del Sector Sanitario de Teruel. Se determinó el descenso medio del valor de DAS28 (DAS28r) de cada fármaco y se definió como unidad de efectividad en el estudio farmacoeconómico un valor DAS28 al inicio (DAS28a) inferior a 3,2 puntos y DAS28r mayor a 1,2 puntos. Como parámetro del estudio para determinar el coste-efectividad de ambas alternativas se utilizó el beneficio neto sanitario (BNS). Resultados: El valor medio de DAS28a fue 2,25 y 2,72 puntos para ETN y ADA respectivamente, con un valor DAS28r de 1,01 puntos superior para ETN, aunque sin ser estadísticamente significativo (p > 0,05). El cálculo del parámetro BNS obtuvo un valor igual a -0,121; IC95% (-0,951 a 0,709), sin embargo la inclusión del valor 0 en el intervalo de confianza hizo que no se observaran diferencias de coste-efectividad. Conclusiones: Ambas alternativas son efectivas en el tratamiento de la AR, aunque parece existir una tendencia a favor de ETN en el grado coste-efectividad sin ser significativa.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/economia , Antirreumáticos/economia , Artrite Reumatoide/economia , Imunoglobulina G/economia , Adalimumab , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Análise Custo-Benefício , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/economia , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Etanercepte , Feminino , Hospitalização/economia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tamanho da Amostra , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Farm. hosp ; 37(4): 286-294, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117415

RESUMO

Objetivo: Valorar el grado de efectividad y eficiencia de las dos alternativas principalmente utilizadas en nuestro ámbito, etanercept (ETN) y adalimumab (ADA), para el tratamiento de pacientes diagnosticados de artritis reumatoide (AR) en condiciones reales de la práctica clínica diaria. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, cuyo horizonte temporal fue de 12 meses referidos al año 2012, en el que se analizaron las características de los pacientes, así como la efectividad y eficiencia de ETN y ADA en la población de estudio. Se estudiaron todos los pacientes de ambos sexos mayores de 18 años, diagnosticados de AR, atendidos en las consultas externas del Servicio de Reumatología del Sector Sanitario de Teruel. Se determinó el descenso medio del valor de DAS28 (DAS28r) de cada fármaco y se definió como unidad de efectividad en el estudio farmacoeconómico un valor DAS28 al inicio (DAS28a) inferior a 3,2 puntos y DAS28r mayor a 1,2 puntos. Como parámetro del estudio para determinar el coste-efectividad de ambas alternativas se utilizó el beneficio neto sanitario (BNS). Resultados: El valor medio de DAS28a fue 2,25 y 2,72 puntos para ETN y ADA respectivamente, con un valor DAS28r de 1,01 puntos superior para ETN, aunque sin ser estadísticamente significativo (p > 0,05). El cálculo del parámetro BNS obtuvo un valor igual a -0,121; IC95% (-0,951 a 0,709), sin embargo la inclusión del valor 0 en el intervalo de confianza hizo que no se observaran diferencias de coste-efectividad. Conclusiones: Ambas alternativas son efectivas en el tratamiento de la AR, aunque parece existir una tendencia a favor de ETN en el grado coste-efectividad sin ser significativa (AU)


Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the two alternatives mainly used in our area, etanercept (ETN) and adalimumab (ADA), for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients under real clinical practice. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective observational study, where the time horizon was 12 months referred to the year 2012. We analyzed the characteristics of patients, and the effectiveness and efficiency of ETN and ADA in our study population. Inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years, diagnosed with RA treated at the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Health Sector of Teruel. We determined the mean decrease in DAS28 value (DAS28r) of each drug and we defined as a unit of effectiveness in pharmacoeconomic study, a DAS28 value at baseline (DAS28a) less than 3.2 points and DAS28r greater than 1.2 points. As parameter to determine the cost-effectiveness of both alternatives we used net health benefits (NHB). Results: The average value of DAS28a was 2,25 and 2,72 points for ETN and ADA respectively, with a value of DAS28r 1,01 points higher for ETN, although not statistically significant (p> 0.05). NHB obtained a value of -0.121, 95% CI (-0.951 to 0.709). Conclusions: Both alternatives are effective in the treatment of RA, although it seems to be a trend in favor of ETN in cost-effectiveness degree (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Terapia Biológica , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Custo-Efetividade , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 60(8): 440-7, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23829945

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experience and anesthetic management in the transcatheter implantation of the CoreValve(®) self-expanding aortic valve, in a university tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational analytical review of data incorporated into a prospectively maintained database of 142 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis who underwent implantation of a CoreValve(®) aortic self-expanding aortic valve between December 2007 and December 2012. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 82.5±6.1 years and the logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9±11.2. General anesthesia was used in 107 patients (75.3%), with local anesthesia with sedation in 35 (24.6%). Local anesthesia and sedation was associated with a lower requirement of vasoactive drugs (P=.003) during implantation. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 anesthetic techniques in the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, or morbimortality. The success rate was 97.1%. The most common complication was conduction disorders that required implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 46 patients (32.3%). There was no intraoperative mortality, and all-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.3%, with a one-year survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier of 83.1%. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation of aortic valve is a safe and effective alternative. Both, general anesthesia and local anesthesia with sedation are valid options, depending on the experience of the team.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestesia Local , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese
10.
Farm Hosp ; 37(3): 192-7, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23789797

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To assess the economic impact derived from the widening of the administration intervals of adalimumab (ADA) and etanercept (ETN) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathies (SAP) at our working environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A budget impact model (BIM) was developed to estimate the economic impact that would have widening the usual administration intervals of ADA, 40 mg every 2 weeks and ETN, 50 mg weekly (scenario A), to ADA, 40 mg every 3 weeks, and ETN, 50 mg every 2 weeks (scenario B) according to the guidelines and recommendations applied to these studies, specifying the target population, the study perspective, the temporal horizon, and analysing the study robustness by a threshold univariate sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: 71 patients were included in the study. The application of the BIM showed yearly savings for ADA and ETN of 19.784 ??and 38.271 ?, respectively. The net cost, that is to say the saving that this would imply within the temporal horizon considered (2 years), was 116.110 ?. The sensitivity analysis showed that the estimated BIM for the study period was very robust since the net result in the different scenarios varied very little, being negative in the new scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: widening the administration intervals of ADA and ETN to every 3 weeks and 2 weeks respectively, would be a strategy that would allow generating savings in the hospital budget close to 116.110 ??for the temporal horizon considered, achieving this way optimization of the treatment with these two drugs.


Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto económico derivado de la ampliación de los intervalos de administración de adalimumab (ADA) y etanercept (ETN), en el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) y espondiloartropatias (EAP) en nuestro ámbito de trabajo. Material y método: Se desarrolló un modelo de impacto presupuestario (MIP) para estimar la repercusión económica que tendría la ampliación en los intervalos habituales de administración de ADA 40 mg cada dos semanas y ETN 50 mg semanal (escenario A), por ADA 40 mg cada tres semanas y ETN 50 mg cada dos semanas (escenario B) de acuerdo a las guías y recomendaciones que se aplican a estos estudios, especificando la población diana, la perspectiva del estudio, el horizonte temporal y analizando la robustez del estudio a través de un análisis de sensibilidad univariante de tipo umbral. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 71 pacientes en el estudio. La aplicación del MIP mostró unos ahorros anuales para ADA y ETN de 19.784??y 38.271 ??respectivamente. El coste neto, es decir, el ahorro que esto supuso en el horizonte temporal considerado (dos años) ascendió a 116.110 ?. El análisis de sensibilidad realizado mostró que el MIP estimado para el periodo de estudio fue muy robusto ya que el resultado neto en diferentes escenarios apenas variaba, manteniéndose negativo en los nuevos escenarios. Conclusiones: La ampliación de los intervalos de administración de ADA y ETN cada tres semanas y dos semanas respectivamente, sería una estrategia que permitiría generar ahorros en el presupuesto hospitalario cercanos a los 116.110 ??en el horizonte temporal considerado, consiguiendo así una optimización del tratamiento con estos fármacos.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/economia , Antirreumáticos/economia , Artrite Reumatoide/economia , Orçamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Imunoglobulina G/economia , Espondiloartropatias/economia , Adalimumab , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Redução de Custos , Esquema de Medicação , Etanercepte , Feminino , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Urbanos/economia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Econômicos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/administração & dosagem , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Espanha , Espondiloartropatias/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Farm. hosp ; 37(3): 192-197, mayo-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117388

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto económico derivado de la ampliación de los intervalos de administración de adalimumab (ADA) y etanercept (ETN), en el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) y espondiloartropatias (EAP) en nuestro ámbito de trabajo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se desarrolló un modelo de impacto presupuestario (MIP) para estimar la repercusión económica que tendría la ampliación en los intervalos habituales de administración de ADA 40 mg cada dos semanas y ETN 50 mg semanal (escenario A), por ADA 40 mg cada tres semanas y ETN 50 mg cada dos semanas (escenario B) de acuerdo a las guías y recomendaciones que se aplican a estos estudios, especificando la población diana, la perspectiva del estudio, el horizonte temporal y analizando la robustez del estudio a través de un análisis de sensibilidad univariante de tipo umbral. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 71 pacientes en el estudio. La aplicación del MIP mostró unos ahorros anuales para ADA y ETN de 19.784€ y 38.271 € respectivamente. El coste neto, es decir, el ahorro que esto supuso en el horizonte temporal considerado (dos años) ascendió a 116.110 €. El análisis de sensibilidad realizado mostró que el MIP estimado para el periodo de estudio fue muy robusto ya que el resultado neto en diferentes escenarios apenas variaba, manteniéndose negativo en los nuevos escenarios. CONCLUSIONES: La ampliación de los intervalos de administración de ADA y ETN cada tres semanas y dos semanas respectivamente, sería una estrategia que permitiría generar ahorros en el presupuesto hospitalario cercanos a los 116.110 € en el horizonte temporal considerado, consiguiendo así una optimización del tratamiento con estos fármacos


PURPOSE: To assess the economic impact derived from the widening of the administration intervals of adalimumab (ADA) and etanercept (ETN) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthropathies (SAP) at our working environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A budget impact model (BIM) was developed to estimate the economic impact that would have widening the usual administration intervals of ADA, 40 mg every 2 weeks and ETN, 50 mg weekly (scenario A), to ADA, 40 mg every 3 weeks, and ETN, 50 mg every 2 weeks (scenario B) according to the guidelines and recommendations applied to these studies, specifying the target population, the study perspective, the temporal horizon, and analysing the study robustness by a threshold univariate sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: 71 patients were included in the study. The application of the BIM showed yearly savings for ADA and ETN of 19.784 € and 38.271 €, respectively. The net cost, that is to say the saving that this would imply within the temporal horizon considered (2 years), was 116.110 €. The sensitivity analysis showed that the estimated BIM for the study period was very robust since the net result in the different scenarios varied very little, being negative in the new scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: widening the administration intervals of ADA and ETN to every 3 weeks and 2 weeks respectively, would be a strategy that would allow generating savings in the hospital budget close to 116.110 € for the temporal horizon considered, achieving this way optimization of the treatment with these two drugs


Assuntos
Humanos , Espondiloartropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/antagonistas & inibidores , Custos de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos
12.
Farm. hosp ; 36(5): 368-373, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105959

RESUMO

Objetivo: Cuantificar los niveles de exposición del personal sanitario a fármacos citotóxicos con el fin de establecer el nivel umbral de exposición e implantar medidas para incrementar la protección y seguridad. Material y método La cuantificación de la contaminación de 5-fluorouracilo, gemcitabina y ciclofosfamida se llevó a cabo en las superficies de las siguientes áreas: cabina de seguridad biológica clase II tipo B3 (S1), mesa de preparación de tratamientos en antecámara (S2) y mesa de la sala de administración en hospital de día (S3). Se tomaron muestras de las superficies con un paño absorbente a tiempo t0, previo inicio de la sesión de trabajo, y t1, tras 3 h de trabajo mediante arrastre. En cada superficie se calculó el valor de la masa mediana respecto al valor basal y los percentiles 90, 75, 50 y 25 para cada citotóxico en μg/m2.Se comprobó la normalidad de la distribución con la prueba Shapiro-Wilk. El análisis estadístico incluyó las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y Wilcoxon. Se fijó el nivel de significación estadística para valores de p < 0,05.ResultadosSe recogieron un total de 90 muestras en total, 30 muestras por cada superficie de estudio. La masa media registrada de cualquier compuesto citotóxico fue superior en S1 y t1, con un valor de p = 0,017 y p = 0,004, respectivamente. Para cada fármaco citotóxico se fijó como valor objetivo el percentil 25 donde se obtuvieron valores de contaminación indetectables. Conclusiones La introducción de un programa de monitorización continua de superficies de diversos compuestos citotóxicos es esencial para fijar unos niveles aceptables de contaminación residual y reducir la exposición ocupacional (AU)


Objective: To quantify levels of exposure to cytotoxic drugs among health professionals in order to establish an exposure threshold and implement measures to increase protection and safety Material and method: Contamination with 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide was measured on work surfaces in the following areas: a class II type B3 biological safety cabinet(S1), a treatment prep table in an antechamber (S2) and a desk from the administrative room in the Outpatient Unit (S3). We took samples from the work surfaces by wiping them with an absorbent cloth at time t0, prior to the work session, and at t1 after three hours of work. For each surface, we calculated the median mass value with respect to the baseline value and the90th, 75th, 50th and 25th percentiles for each cytotoxin in g/m2.Distribution normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests. Statistical significance was established for values of P<.05.Results: We gathered a total of 90 samples, 30 from each of the studied work surfaces. The mean recorded mass of any of the cytotoxic compounds was higher for S1 and t1, with values of P=.017 and P=.004 respectively. The target value for each cytotoxic drug was established at the 25th percentile, where undetectable contamination values were obtained. Conclusions: Introducing a continuous programme to monitor work surfaces for an array of cytotoxic compounds is fundamental in order to establish acceptable levels of residual contamination and reduce exposure in the workplace (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Citotoxinas/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Carcinógenos/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Carcinogenicidade/métodos , Cromatografia , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Farm Hosp ; 36(5): 368-73, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22440518

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To quantify levels of exposure to cytotoxic drugs among health professionals in order to establish an exposure threshold and implement measures to increase protection and safety. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Contamination with 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide was measured on work surfaces in the following areas: a class II type B3 biological safety cabinet (S(1)), a treatment prep table in an antechamber (S(2)) and a desk from the administrative room in the Outpatient Unit (S(3)). We took samples from the work surfaces by wiping them with an absorbent cloth at time t(0), prior to the work session, and at t(1) after three hours of work. For each surface, we calculated the median mass value with respect to the baseline value and the 90th, 75th, 50th and 25th percentiles for each cytotoxin in µg/m(2). Distribution normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests. Statistical significance was established for values of P<.05. RESULTS: We gathered a total of 90 samples, 30 from each of the studied work surfaces. The mean recorded mass of any of the cytotoxic compounds was higher for S(1) and t(1), with values of P=.017 and P=.004 respectively. The target value for each cytotoxic drug was established at the 25th percentile, where undetectable contamination values were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Introducing a continuous programme to monitor work surfaces for an array of cytotoxic compounds is fundamental in order to establish acceptable levels of residual contamination and reduce exposure in the workplace.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Regressão , Segurança , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Local de Trabalho
14.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 370(1): 86-93, 2012 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22261270

RESUMO

The aggregation properties of 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorobenzoic acids (2FBA, 3FBA, and 4FBA, respectively) and their salts with hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations (HTA2FB, HTA3FB, and HTA4FB) in water were studied with a battery of techniques. Their activity at the air/solution interface has been also studied. The position of the fluorine atom in the acid affected the solubility, adsorption, and aggregation in the pure acids solutions. The 4FBA is less water soluble, more hydrophobic, and has the lower critical aggregation concentration of the three isomers. The behavior of the HTA2FB compound in aqueous solution is different from that of HTA3FB and HTA4FB. The critical micelle concentration, critical concentration for sphere-to-rod-like micelle transition, and Krafft point of HTA3FB and HTA4FB are lower than those of the other surfactant but their surface activities are higher. The differences between the HTA2FB and the other two surfactants have been explained on the basis of the regular solution theory of mixed micelles and in light of the analysis of the hydration shell of the acids through molecular dynamic simulations. The results of the present work suggest that the different behaviors are due to a combination of different dehydration tendencies and the steric possibility of inclusion of the counterions in the micelle palisade layer. The formation of rod-like micelles by HTA2FB, while the tetradecyltrimethylammonium 2-fluorobenzoate only forms spherical aggregates, is explained on the basis of the packing parameter. The mentioned factors are complementary to others presented in literature. These conditions may be used in the rational design of micelles by means of molecular dynamics simulations, reducing the trial-and-error approach used to date.

17.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 351(1): 171-9, 2010 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20709324

RESUMO

The phase and rheological behavior of hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium; 2-hydroxybenzoate (CTAS), and water as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature are investigated here. The critical micellization concentration (cmc(1)) and the concentration at which the structure of aggregates changes (cmc(2)) as well as the Krafft temperature (T(K)) are reported. A large micellar solution region exhibiting high viscosity, as well as hexagonal- and lamellar-phase regions were identified. In the dilute region, below the overlapping entanglement concentration (C*), the micellar solutions exhibit shear thickening. Above C*, wormlike micelles form and the solutions show strong viscoelasticity with Maxwell behavior in the linear regime and shear banding flow in the non-linear regime. The linear viscoelastic regime was analyzed with the Granek-Cates model, showing that the relaxation is controlled by the kinetics of reformation-and-scission of the micelles. The steady response in the non-linear regime is compared with the predictions of the Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) and the Giesekus models.


Assuntos
Compostos de Cetrimônio/química , Ácido Salicílico/química , Água/química , Cetrimônio , Cinética , Micelas , Transição de Fase , Reologia , Tensoativos/química , Temperatura
18.
J Colloid Interface Sci ; 320(1): 290-7, 2008 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18221750

RESUMO

The linear and non-linear viscoelastic behaviors of polymer-like micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium tosilate (CTAT) with added NaOH and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to produce precursors of mesoporous materials are studied. The effect of TEOS/CTAT (T/C) ratio at fixed CTAT concentration, CTAT concentration at fixed T/C and aging time are reported. The systems show increasingly larger deviations from near-Maxwell behavior upon increasing T/C ratio, CTAT concentration and aging. Moreover, in steady and unsteady shear-flow, shear banding develops between two critical shear rates, which tend to fade as the T/C ratio and aging increase. The Granek-Cates model is employed to analyze linear viscoelastic behavior. The Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) model is used here to reproduce the steady and transient nonlinear rheology of these systems. We explain these results in terms of the changes in inter-macromolecular interactions that arise out of the presence of colloidal additives in the viscoelastic gel. The ordered mesoporous materials were identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

19.
Medifam (Madr.) ; 12(1): 62-65, ene. 2002. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11093

RESUMO

La necrosis avascular ósea es una entidad pato lógica poco frecuente que puede aparecer de forma idiopática o bien ser secundaria a diversas patologías. Puede encontrarse a distintos niveles, siendo los más frecuentes en el adulto la cabeza femoral y el escafoides carpiano. En el caso de localizarse en la cadera da lugar a una coxalgia, cuadro frecuentemente estudiado en los centros de Atención Primaria, por lo que es muy importante su diagnóstico diferencial y precoz, so b re todo en caso de existir factores de riesgo. Presentamos un caso clínico de necrosis avascular de la cabeza femoral y hacemos una revisión de lo expuesto en la bibliografía actual al respecto (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Dor/etiologia , Quadril , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/diagnóstico , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/terapia
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